Commerce

Unit-I :
Business Environment :

• Meaning and Elements of Business Environment.
• Economic environment, Economic Policies, Economic Planning.
• Legal environment of Business in India, Competition policy, Consumer protection, Environment protection.
• Policy Environment : Liberalization Privatisation and globalisation, Second generation reforms, Industrial policy and implementation. Industrial growth and structural changes.

Unit-II :
Financial & Management Accounting :

• Basic Accounting concepts, Capital and Revenue, Financial statements.
• Partnership Accounts : Admission, Retirement, Death, Dissolution and Cash Distribution.
• Advanced Company Accounts : Issue, forfeiture, Purchase of Business, Liquidation, Valuation of shares, Amalgamation, Absorption and Reconstruction, Holding Company Accounts.
• Cost and Management Accounting : Ratio Analysis, Funds Flow Analysis, Cash Flow Analysis, Marginal costing and Break-even analysis, Standard costing, -Budgetary control, Costing for decision-making Responsibility accounting.

Unit-III :
Business Economics :

• Nature and uses of Business Economics, Concept of Profit and Wealth maximization. Demand Analysis and Elasticity of Demand, Indifference Curve Analysis,  Law.
• Utility Analysis and Laws of Returns and Law of variable proportions.
• Cost, Revenue, Price determination in different market situations : Perfect competition, Monopolistic competition, Monopoly, Price discrimination and Oligopoly, Pricing strategies.

Unit-IV :
Business Statistics & Data Processing :

• Data types, Data collection and analysis, sampling, need, errors and methods of sampling, Normal distribution, Hypothesis testing, Analysis and Interpretation of Data.
• Correlation and Regression, small sample tests : t-test, F-test and chi-square test.
• Data processing : Elements, Data entry, Data processing and Computer applications.
• Computer Application to Functional Areas : Accounting, Inventory control, Marketing.

Unit-V :
Business Management :

• Principles of Management.
• Planning : Objectives, Strategies, Planning process, Decision-making.
• Organising, Organisational structure, Formal and Informal organisations, Organisational culture.
• Staffing
• Leading : Motivation, Leadership, Committees, Communication.
• Controlling
• Corporate Governance and Business Ethics.

Unit-VI :
Marketing Management :

• The evolution of marketing, Concepts of marketing, Marketing mix, Marketing environment.
• Consumer behaviour, Market segmentation.
• Product decisions
• Pricing decisions
• Distribution decisions
• Promotion decisions
• Marketing planning, Organising and Control.

Unit-VII :
Financial Management :

• Capital Structure, Financial and Operating leverage.
• Cost of capital, Capital budgeting.
• Working capital management
• Dividend Policy

Unit-VIII :
Human Resources Management :

• Concepts, Role and Functions of Human Resource management.
• Human Resource Planning, Recruitment and Selection.
• Training and Development, Succession Planning.
• Compensation : Wage and Salary Administration, Incentive and Fringe benefits, Morale and Productivity.
• Performance Appraisal
• Industrial Relations in India, Health, Safety, Welfare and Social security, Workers’ Participation in Management.

Unit-IX :
Banking and Financial Institution :

• Importance of Banking to Business, Types of Banks and Their Functions, Reserve Bank of India, NABARD and Rural Banking.
• Banking Sector Reform in India, NPA, Capital adequacy norms.
• E-banking
• Development Banking : IDBI, IFCI, SFCs, UTI, SIDBI.

Unit-X :
International Business :

• Theoretical foundations of international business, Balance of Payments.
• International liquidity, International Economic Institutions : IMF, World Bank IFC, IDA, ADB.
• World Trade Organisation-its functions and policies.
• Structure of India’s foreign trade : Composition and direction, EXIM Bank, EXIM Policy of India, Regulation and promotion of Foreign Trade.

Elective-I : Accounting and Finance

• Accounting standards in India, Inflation Accounting, Human Resource Accounting, Responsibility Accounting, Social Accounting.
• Money and Capital market, Working of stock exchanges in India, NSE, OTCEI, NASDAQ, Derivatives and Options.
• Regulatory Authorities : SEBI, Rating Agencies; New Instruments; GDRs, ADRs.
• Venture Capital Funds, Mergers and Acquisitions, Mutual Funds, Lease Financing, Factoring, Measurement of risk and returns securities and portfolios.
• Computer Application in Accounting and Finance.

Elective-II : Marketing

• Marketing Tasks, Concepts and Tools, Marketing Environment.
• Consumer Behaviour and Market Segmentation.
• Product decisions
• Pricing decisions
• Distribution decisions
• Promotion decisions
• Marketing Researchs
• On-line marketing
• Direct Marketing; Social, ethical and legal aspects of marketing in India.

Elective-III : Human Resource Management

• Concept; Role and Functions of Human Resource Management.
• Human Resource Planning, Job analysis, Job description and specifications, Use of Job analysis information, Recruitment and Selection.
• Training and Development, Succession Planning.
• Compensation : Wage and Salary administration, Incentives and Fringe benefits, Morale and Productivity.
• Appraisal Performance
• Industrial Relations in India, Health, Safety, Welfare and Social Security, Workers participation in Management.

Elective-IV : International Business

• Foreign Direct Investment and Multinational Corporations-MNCs Culture, MNCs and LDCs, Joint Ventures.
• Regional Economic Integration : SAARC, ASEAN, EC, NAFTA.
• India and WTO, Intellectual Property Rights.
• Foreign Exchange : Exchange rate, Mechanism, Risk management, Transfer of international payments, Convertibility of Rupee, Current and Capital Accounts; Issues and Perceptions, Derivatives and Futures.
• Foreign investment Institutions; Instruments : GDRs, ADRs, FIIs-their role in Indian Capital Market.

Elective-V : Income-tax Law and Tax Planning

• Basic concepts, Residential status and tax incidence, exempted incomes, computation of taxable income under various heads.
• Computation of taxable income of individuals and firms.
• Deduction of tax, filing of returns, different types of assessment; Defaults and penalties.
• Tax Planning : Concept, significance and problems of tax planning, Tax evasion and tax avoidance, methods of tax planning.
• Tax considerations in specific business decisions, viz., make or buy; own or lease, retain or replace; export or domestic sales; shut-down or closure; expand or contract; invest or disinvest.
• Computer Application in Income tax and Tax planning.